With more than 1 million people forced to evacuate, Hurricane Katrina caused the biggest mass migration in U.S. history. In terms of numbers permanently displaced, the only event that might have been bigger than Katrina is the Civil War.
"I'm safe in Orlando, Florida. Getting ready to go to San Diego."
Twenty-six days after Katrina, Hurricane Rita struck. In the days before Rita made landfall, millions evacuated the Gulf Coast of east Texas and western Louisiana. An untold number were refugees of Katrina, displaced again.
Congress has approved billions in aid, including funds to buy travel trailers and other forms of temporary housing, so many evacuees will be able to return to places near their former homes. But thousands will not be able to return for years, both because the damage is so catastrophic and because so many were already living in poverty. Many experts are telling churches and other groups to focus on helping people relocate permanently.
The impact of great wars, floods, and fires reverberates for decades. New Orleans was already seeing a long-term population decline before Katrina, and the rebuilt city is likely to be even smaller. Biloxi's casinos will probably be rebuilt, but it is unlikely that the new ones will float in the bay as the old ones did. There are calls to restore the bayous of southern Louisiana as flood barriers, and steep increases in insurance rates could cause the owners of beachfront property to scale back on their rebuilding plans.
For information on other significant U.S. disasters, the mass migrations they caused, and their lasting effects, see the links at right.
Credits: Map data by Laurie Bennett of ePodunk; mapping by Daniel Shorter.